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NEW QUESTION # 22
To evaluate operating effectiveness
- A. Conduct substantive testing
- B. Conduct control testing
Answer: B
Explanation:
To evaluate the operating effectiveness of controls, conducting control testing is essential. Control testing involves examining whether controls are operating as intended and are effective in mitigating risks. This type of testing assesses the design and implementation of controls to ensure they are functioning properly and achieving their intended purpose. Substantive testing, on the other hand, focuses on verifying the accuracy and validity of transactions and data, rather than the effectiveness of controls.References:
* COSO Internal Control - Integrated Framework
* ISO 31000:2018 - Risk management - Guidelines
NEW QUESTION # 23
The parameters of an Assessment include
- A. Scope, Tests and Evidence
- B. Evidence, Tests and Outcomes
- C. Scope, Criteria and Nature of Testing
Answer: C
Explanation:
The parameters of an assessment include Scope, Criteria, and Nature of Testing. These elements define the boundaries and focus of the assessment:
* Scope:Defines the areas, processes, and activities to be assessed.
* Criteria:Specifies the standards, policies, and regulations against which the assessment will be conducted.
* Nature of Testing:Describes the types and extent of testing procedures that will be employed to gather evidence and evaluate compliance and performance.
These parameters ensure that the assessment is well-structured, targeted, and aligned with the objectives and requirements of the organization.References:
* ISO 19011:2018 - Guidelines for auditing management systems
* COSO Internal Control - Integrated Framework
NEW QUESTION # 24
What level of assurance is required for an assessment?
- A. An assessment may target any level of assurance. The key is to define this level prior to setting the purpose and parameters.
- B. Medium
- C. High
- D. Low
Answer: A
Explanation:
The level of assurance required for an assessment can vary depending on the purpose, scope, and objectives of the assessment. It is crucial to define the desired level of assurance (low, medium, or high) before beginning the assessment to ensure that the approach, methodology, and resources allocated are appropriate. This helps in setting clear expectations and aligning the assessment process with the organization's risk tolerance and regulatory requirements.References:
* ISO 19011:2018 - Guidelines for auditing management systems
* COSO Enterprise Risk Management - Integrating with Strategy and Performance
NEW QUESTION # 25
What is the BEST sequence of testing
- A. Control testing and then substantive testing
- B. Substantive testing and then control testing
Answer: A
Explanation:
The best sequence of testing is to conduct control testing first and then substantive testing. This approach ensures that the effectiveness of internal controls is evaluated before examining the details of transactions and data. By testing controls first, assurance providers can determine if controls are reliable and can potentially reduce the extent of substantive testing needed. Effective controls can provide confidence that transactions and data are accurate, reducing the need for extensive substantive testing.References:
* AICPA Auditing Standards
* ISO 19011:2018 - Guidelines for auditing management systems
NEW QUESTION # 26
What are the common attributes of an assurance professional?
- A. Objectivity, independence and freedom
- B. Independence, objectivity and diligence
- C. Objectivity, competence and fallibilism
Answer: B
Explanation:
The common attributes of an assurance professional are independence, objectivity, and diligence.
Independence ensures that the assurance professional is free from any influence or conflict of interest that could affect their judgment. Objectivity refers to the ability to provide an unbiased and impartial assessment.
Diligence involves a thorough and careful approach to the assurance process, ensuring that all relevant aspects are evaluated and reported accurately. These attributes are essential for maintaining the credibility and reliability of assurance activities.References:
* IIA Standards for the Professional Practice of Internal Auditing
* ISO 19011:2018 - Guidelines for auditing management systems
NEW QUESTION # 27
When should Assessment Notification be announced?
- A. As late as possible in case there is fraud in the assessed area
- B. Depends on the Purpose and Parameters and whether fraud it suspected.
- C. As soon as possible to start planning
Answer: B
Explanation:
The timing of assessment notification should depend on the purpose and parameters of the assessment and whether fraud is suspected. In cases where fraud is suspected, notifying too early might allow those involved to conceal evidence. Conversely, early notification can facilitate better planning and coordination for assessments where fraud is not a concern. The decision should be based on the specific context and objectives of the assessment.References:
* ISO 19011:2018 - Guidelines for auditing management systems
* COSO Internal Control - Integrated Framework
NEW QUESTION # 28
The two kinds of PROACTIVE controls are
- A. training and education
- B. access and system
- C. promoting and preventive
Answer: C
Explanation:
Proactive controls are those measures implemented to prevent undesirable events before they occur. Promoting controls are designed to encourage desired behaviors and outcomes, such as compliance with policies and procedures. Preventive controls are aimed at stopping undesirable events or actions before they happen, such as implementing security measures to prevent unauthorized access. Both types of controls are essential for effective risk management and ensuring the security and integrity of an organization's processes and systems.
References:
* COSO Internal Control - Integrated Framework
* ISO/IEC 27002:2013 - Information technology - Security techniques - Code of practice for information security controls
NEW QUESTION # 29
Which one of these is most associated with a "measure of how well we are addressing opportunities"
- A. Compliance
- B. Risk
- C. Performance
Answer: C
Explanation:
Performance is most associated with a "measure of how well we are addressing opportunities." Performance management focuses on setting goals, monitoring progress, and evaluating outcomes to ensure that an organization is effectively taking advantage of opportunities to achieve its objectives. It involves measuring and managing activities that lead to improved efficiency, effectiveness, and innovation. By addressing opportunities, organizations can enhance their performance and create value.References:
* ISO 9001:2015 - Quality management systems - Requirements
* Balanced Scorecard Institute - Performance Management Framework
NEW QUESTION # 30
Which of these sources of evidence is MOST LIKELY to be MOST OBJECTIVE?
- A. Written report by an assurance professional
- B. Written report by the process owner
- C. Vocalized statements by the process owner
Answer: A
Explanation:
A written report by an assurance professional is most likely to be the most objective source of evidence.
Assurance professionals are trained to conduct evaluations impartially, following standardized methodologies and best practices. Their reports are based on documented evidence and systematic analysis, ensuring a high level of objectivity and reliability compared to vocalized statements or reports by process owners, who may have biases or conflicts of interest.References:
* IIA Standards for the Professional Practice of Internal Auditing
* ISO 19011:2018 - Guidelines for auditing management systems
NEW QUESTION # 31
If (Inherent Risk x Control Risk) is low
- A. We should perform extra testing
- B. We may consider performing less testing
Answer: B
Explanation:
If the inherent risk and control risk are both low, we may consider performing less testing. Inherent risk refers to the risk of an event occurring without considering any controls, while control risk is the risk that controls will not prevent or detect the event. When both risks are low, it indicates that the likelihood of issues occurring and not being detected is minimal, allowing for a reduced level of testing. This approach helps in efficiently allocating resources while maintaining a reasonable level of assurance.References:
* AICPA Auditing Standards
* ISO 31000:2018 - Risk management - Guidelines
NEW QUESTION # 32
How would the following test be classified?
The Assurance Provider inspects a RACI matrix for inclusion of best practice content.
- A. Substantive test
- B. Control test
Answer: B
Explanation:
Inspecting a RACI (Responsible, Accountable, Consulted, Informed) matrix for inclusion of best practice content is classified as a control test. This test evaluates whether the RACI matrix, a control tool, is designed and implemented according to best practices. It assesses the completeness and appropriateness of the matrix in defining roles and responsibilities, which is an aspect of control effectiveness.
References:
COSO Internal Control - Integrated Framework
ISO 31000:2018 - Risk management - Guidelines
NEW QUESTION # 33
Which of these is defined as "internally directing, controlling and evaluating an entity, process or resource"
- A. Governance
- B. Management
- C. Assurance
Answer: B
Explanation:
Management is defined as "internally directing, controlling and evaluating an entity, process or resource." Management involves overseeing the day-to-day operations of an organization, making decisions, setting policies, and ensuring that the organization's resources are used effectively to achieve its goals. This function includes planning, organizing, leading, and controlling organizational activities to meet established objectives.
References:
* ISO 9001:2015 - Quality management systems - Requirements
* COSO Internal Control - Integrated Framework
NEW QUESTION # 34
Achieving Principled Performance means to:
- A. Recycle
- B. Be an ethical performer
- C. Reliably achieve objectives, address uncertainty and act with integrity
Answer: C
Explanation:
Achieving principled performance means reliably achieving objectives, addressing uncertainty, and acting with integrity. This concept integrates the management of performance, risk, and compliance to ensure that an organization not only meets its goals but does so ethically and sustainably. It involves creating a culture of accountability, transparency, and ethical behavior while systematically managing risks and ensuring compliance with relevant regulations and standards. Principled performance is about achieving success while maintaining high standards of integrity and responsibility.References:
* OCEG (Open Compliance and Ethics Group) Red Book GRC Capability Model
* ISO 37001:2016 - Anti-bribery management systems
NEW QUESTION # 35
What are the dimensions of TOTAL Performance?
- A. Agility, Efficiency and Effectiveness
- B. Effectiveness, Efficiency and Reponsiveness
- C. Effectiveness, Resiliency, and Agility
Answer: C
Explanation:
The dimensions of TOTAL Performance are Effectiveness, Resiliency, and Agility. Effectiveness refers to achieving the desired outcomes. Resiliency is the ability to recover from setbacks and continue operations.
Agility is the capacity to adapt quickly to changes and new opportunities. These three dimensions collectively ensure that an organization can perform well under various conditions and sustain its success over time.
References:
* ISO 9001:2015 - Quality management systems - Requirements
* COSO Enterprise Risk Management - Integrating with Strategy and Performance
NEW QUESTION # 36
A NEGATIVE assurance opinion or statement is
- A. A statement that the assessment didn't observe anything that makes us doubt whether subject matter conforms to the suitable criteria and is free from meaningful misunderstanding.
- B. A statement that the assessment encountered some limitations in what can be concluded and outside of those limitations a positive or negative statement can be offered.
- C. An affirmative statement that subject matter conforms to the suitable criteria and is free from meaningful misunderstanding
Answer: A
Explanation:
A NEGATIVE assurance opinion or statement indicates that, based on the procedures performed and evidence obtained, the assurance provider did not identify any reasons to believe that the subject matter does not conform to the applicable criteria. This form of opinion does not provide absolute assurance but rather limited assurance, suggesting that nothing came to the auditor's attention that causes them to believe the subject matter is not fairly stated.References:
* AICPA Auditing Standards
* IIA Standards for the Professional Practice of Internal Auditing
NEW QUESTION # 37
Follow-up on the implementation status of the recommendation from within the area being assessed is known as:
- A. Follow-Up by Independent Assurance
- B. Follow-Up by Process Owner
- C. Follow-Up by Targeted Review
Answer: B
Explanation:
Follow-up on the implementation status of the recommendation from within the area being assessed is known as Follow-Up by Process Owner. This approach involves the individuals responsible for the area under assessment reviewing the progress of implementing recommendations and controls. It ensures that those directly involved in the process take ownership and accountability for addressing the identified issues.
References:
* ISO 19011:2018 - Guidelines for auditing management systems
* COSO Internal Control - Integrated Framework
NEW QUESTION # 38
Which one of these is most associated with a "measure of how well we are meeting obligations"
- A. Performance
- B. Compliance
- C. Risk
Answer: B
Explanation:
Compliance is most associated with a "measure of how well we are meeting obligations." Compliance involves adhering to laws, regulations, policies, and standards that apply to an organization. It ensures that the organization is fulfilling its legal, regulatory, and ethical obligations, thereby avoiding penalties, legal issues, and reputational damage. Compliance programs include policies, procedures, training, monitoring, and audits to ensure that all obligations are consistently met.References:
* ISO 19600:2014 - Compliance management systems - Guidelines
* NIST SP 800-37 Rev. 2 - Risk Management Framework for Information Systems and Organizations
NEW QUESTION # 39
All Review Procedures in the GRC Assessment Tools must be followed to assess a particular element
- A. True. Thinking has been done for you.
- B. False. Use your professional judgement.
Answer: B
Explanation:
It is important to use professional judgment when conducting a GRC assessment, rather than rigidly following all review procedures in the GRC Assessment Tools. While these tools provide valuable guidelines and frameworks, each organization and situation is unique. Professional judgment allows for flexibility and adaptation of the procedures to fit the specific context andnuances of the assessment, ensuring more relevant and effective outcomes.References:
* ISO 19011:2018 - Guidelines for auditing management systems
* IIA Standards for the Professional Practice of Internal Auditing
NEW QUESTION # 40
Which of the following is defined as "a measure of the desirable effect of uncertainty on objectives?
- A. Compliance
- B. Reward
- C. Risk
Answer: C
Explanation:
Risk is defined as a measure of the desirable effect of uncertainty on objectives. According to the ISO 31000 standard, risk is "the effect of uncertainty on objectives" which can be either positive (opportunity) or negative (threat). This definition encompasses the uncertainty that can impact the achievement of goals and objectives.
It highlights that risk is not just about potential losses but also about potential gains that come from taking risks.References:
* ISO 31000:2018 - Risk management - Guidelines
* NIST SP 800-30 Rev. 1 - Guide for Conducting Risk Assessments
NEW QUESTION # 41
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